Evaluation de la resistance de mycobacterium tuberculosis à la rifampicine dans la region de Zinder, Niger

Introduction :L'émergence de la résistance aux antituberculeux constitue les défis actuels de la lutte contre la tuberculose. Le Niger n'est pas en reste de la tuberculose multirésistante avec 2,6% chez les nouveaux cas en 2016. Objectif :L'objectif de notre travail était d'évaluer la résistance de Mycobacterium tuberculosis à la rifampicine dans la région de Zinder. Méthodologie: Il s'agit d'une étude transversale à visée descriptive qui a duré 5 ans de septembre 2014 à septembre 2018. Au total 225 échantillons ont été collectés et traités. Le test GeneXpert MTB/RIF a été effectué sur les mêmes échantillons pour détecter simultanément la présence deMycobacterium tuberculosis et la résistance à la rifampicine. Résultats :Sur l'ensemble de la population à l'étude, la résistance à la rifampicine a été retrouvée chez 14 patients soit 6,2%. La tranche d'âge la plus touchée était celle de 20 à 40 ans avec un sexe- ratio (M/F) de 3,5. L'âge médian était de 38 ans avec des extrêmes de 26 mois et de 80 ans. La fréquence de la résistance à la rifampicine parmi les malades de la tuberculose était de 13%. La résistance primaire a été évaluée à 1% et la résistance secondaire à 12% parmi les 110 patients MTB positifs. La co-infection TB/VIH était de 5,8%. Conclusion : la résistance aux antituberculeux est une réalité au Niger. Des mesures idoiness'imposent à tous les niveaux de la lutte antituberculeuse pour éviter l'échec du traitement antituberculeux et la propagation des souches résistantes

Digestive fungal flora in asymptomatic subjects in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify Candida species in asymptomatic subjects in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) by the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February 2013 in Bobo-Dioulasso to collect fecal and urine specimens from voluntary donors. Fungal strains were isolated on Sabouraud dextrose agar and analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time-of-flight mass spectrometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 135 samples including stools (78.5%, 106/135) and urine (21.5%, 29/135) were analyzed. The results revealed that fecal specimens contained mainly Candida krusei (C. krusei) (42.5%) followed by Candida albicans (29.3%), Candida glabrata (18.0%) and Candida tropicalis (C. tropicalis) (4.7%). C. krusei (34.6%) was also found to be the most frequently identified in urine samples followed by Candida albicans (27.0%), C. tropicalis (15.4%) and Candida parapsilosis. However, uncommon species such as Candida nivariensis, Candida kefyr, Candida norvegensis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida lusitaniae and Candida robusta were also identified from fecal and urines samples.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study noted the emergence of species such as C. krusei, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsiolosis, C. tropicalis, Candida nivariensis, Candida norvegensis, and others. It is an imperative to take into account the existence of these species in the therapeutic management of patients in Bobo-Dioulasso.</p>

Digestive fungal flora in asymptomatic subjects in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Objective: To identify Candida species in asymptomatic subjects in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) by the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February 2013 in Bobo-Dioulasso to collect fecal and urine specimens from voluntary donors. Fungal strains were isolated on Sabouraud dextrose agar and analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Results: A total of 135 samples including stools (78.5%, 106/135) and urine (21.5%, 29/135) were analyzed. The results revealed that fecal specimens contained mainly Candida krusei (C. krusei) (42.5%) followed by Candida albicans (29.3%), Candida glabrata (18.0%) and Candida tropicalis (C. tropicalis) (4.7%). C. krusei (34.6%) was also found to be the most frequently identified in urine samples followed by Candida albicans (27.0%), C. tropicalis (15.4%) and Candida parapsilosis. However, uncommon species such as Candida nivariensis, Candida kefyr, Candida norvegensis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida lusitaniae and Candida robusta were also identified from fecal and urines samples. Conclusions: This study noted the emergence of species such as C. krusei, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsiolosis, C. tropicalis, Candida nivariensis, Candida norvegensis, and others. It is an imperative to take into account the existence of these species in the therapeutic management of patients in Bobo-Dioulasso.